1. Cov kev cai yooj yim rau milling cutters txiav qee cov ntaub ntawv
(1) Siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam: Nyob rau hauv ib txwm kub, txiav ib feem ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum muaj txaus hardness txiav mus rau hauv lub workpiece;nrog rau siab hnav tsis kam, lub cuab yeej yuav tsis hnav thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam.
(2) Kev ua haujlwm kub zoo: Lub cuab yeej yuav tsim kom muaj cua sov ntau thaum lub sijhawm txiav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum txiav ceev, qhov kub yuav siab heev.Yog li ntawd, cov cuab yeej siv yuav tsum muaj cov cua kub zoo, txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias.Nws tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau siab hardness thiab tuaj yeem txiav txuas ntxiv.Cov cuab yeej ntawm kub hardness no kuj hu ua kub hardness los yog liab hardness.
(3) Lub zog muaj zog thiab zoo toughness: Thaum lub sij hawm txiav cov txheej txheem, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo, yog li cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab, txwv tsis pub nws yooj yim tawg thiab puas.Vim tias milling cutter yuav raug cuam tshuam thiab kev vibration, cov khoom siv milling cutter yuav tsum muaj cov tawv tawv zoo kom nws tsis yooj yim rau nti thiab nti.
2. Feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv rau milling cutters
(1) High-speed tool steel (hu ua high-speed steel, pem hauv ntej steel, thiab lwm yam), muab faib ua general-purpose thiab tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj high-speed steel.Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
a.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying ntsiab tungsten, chromium, molybdenum thiab vanadium yog qhov siab, thiab quenching hardness tuaj yeem ncav cuag HRC62-70.Ntawm 6000C siab kub, nws tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau siab hardness.
b.Cov ntug txiav muaj lub zog zoo thiab tawv, muaj zog vibration kuj, thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov cuab yeej nrog kev txiav ceev.Rau cov cuab yeej siv tshuab tsis zoo, kev kub ceev steel milling cutters tseem tuaj yeem txiav kom du
c.Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, forging, ua thiab sharpening yog ib qho yooj yim, thiab cov cuab yeej nrog ntau cov duab yuav raug tsim.
d.Piv nrog rau cov cemented carbide cov ntaub ntawv, nws tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov qis hardness, tsis zoo liab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam.
(2) Cemented carbide: Nws yog ua los ntawm cov hlau carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide thiab cobalt-raws li hlau binder los ntawm cov hmoov metallurgical txheej txheem.Nws lub ntsiab nta yog raws li nram no:
Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm 800-10000C.Thaum txiav, txiav ceev tuaj yeem yog 4-8 npaug siab dua li cov hlau ceev.High hardness ntawm chav tsev kub thiab zoo hnav tsis kam.Lub zog bending yog tsawg, qhov cuam tshuam toughness yog pluag, thiab cov hniav tsis yooj yim rau sharpen.
Feem ntau siv cemented carbides tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
① Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide (YG)
Feem ntau siv qib YG3, YG6, YG8, qhov twg cov lej qhia qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus cobalt, ntau cov ntsiab lus cobalt, qhov zoo dua qhov toughness, qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua thiab kev co, tab sis yuav txo qhov hardness thiab hnav tsis kam.Yog li ntawd, cov hlau yog tsim rau kev txiav hlau cam khwb cia hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev txiav cov ntxhib thiab tawv tawv thiab stainless hlau qhov chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj.
② Titanium-cobalt cemented carbide (YT)
Cov qib siv feem ntau yog YT5, YT15, YT30, thiab cov lej qhia qhov feem pua ntawm titanium carbide.Tom qab cov cemented carbide muaj titanium carbide, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau sib txuas ntawm cov hlau, txo cov kev sib txhuam coefficient, thiab me ntsis nce hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, tab sis nws txo cov bending zog thiab toughness thiab ua rau cov khoom nkig.Yog li ntawd, Class alloys yog haum rau txiav steel qhov chaw.
③ General cemented carbide
Ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj carbide, xws li tantalum carbide thiab niobium carbide, rau saum ob lub zog alloys los kho lawv cov nplej thiab txhim kho lawv chav sov thiab kub kub hardness, hnav tsis kam, sib txuas kub thiab oxidation tsis kam, Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog. ntawm lub alloy.Yog li ntawd, hom cemented carbide riam no muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txiav thiab ntau yam.Nws cov hom yog: YW1, YW2 thiab YA6, thiab lwm yam, vim nws tus nqi kim heev, nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, xws li high-strength steel, tshav kub-resistant steel, stainless hlau, thiab lwm yam.
3. Hom milling cutters
(1) Raws li cov khoom ntawm qhov txiav ntawm lub tshuab txiav milling:
a.High-speed steel milling cutter: Hom no yog siv rau ntau txoj cutters.
b.Carbide milling cutters: feem ntau welded los yog mechanically clamped rau lub cutter lub cev.
(2) Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm milling cutter:
a.Milling cutters rau kev ua dav hlau: cylindrical milling cutters, kawg milling cutters, thiab lwm yam.
b.Milling cutters rau kev ua grooves (los yog cov ntxhuav kauj ruam): kawg mills, disc milling cutters, saw hniav milling cutters, thiab lwm yam.
c.Milling cutters rau qhov tshwj xeeb-zoo li tus nto: tsim milling cutters, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Raws li cov qauv ntawm cov milling cutter
a.Ntsej muag milling cutter: Lub cut-off zoo ntawm cov hniav rov qab yog ncaj los yog tawg, yooj yim rau manufacture thiab sharpen, thiab txiav ntug yog sharper.
b.Relief tooth milling cutter: cut-off shape of the tooth back is an Archimedes kauv.Tom qab sharpening, ntev li ntev raws li lub rake lub kaum sab xis tseem tsis hloov, tus hniav profile tsis hloov, uas yog haum rau tsim milling cutters.
4. Lub ntsiab geometric tsis thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm milling cutter
(1) Lub npe ntawm txhua feem ntawm lub tshuab txiav milling
① Base dav hlau: Ib lub dav hlau hla txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cutter thiab perpendicular mus rau qhov txiav ceev ntawm qhov taw tes.
② Txiav lub dav hlau: lub dav hlau hla ntawm ntug txiav thiab txiav rau lub hauv paus dav hlau.
③ Rake ntsej muag: lub dav hlau uas cov chips ntws tawm.
④ Flank nto: qhov chaw sab nraud rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm
(2) Lub ntsiab geometric lub kaum ntse ntse thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cylindrical milling cutter
① Lub kaum sab xis γ0: Lub kaum sab xis suav nrog ntawm lub ntsej muag rake thiab lub hauv paus nto.Kev ua haujlwm yog ua kom cov ntug txiav ntse, txo cov hlau deformation thaum txiav, thiab yooj yim tso cov chips, yog li txuag kev ua haujlwm hauv kev txiav.
② Lub kaum sab xis α0: Lub kaum sab xis suav nrog ntawm lub npoo npoo thiab lub dav hlau txiav.Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm lub ntsej muag flank thiab lub dav hlau txiav thiab txo qhov roughness ntawm lub workpiece.
③ Swivel lub kaum sab xis 0: Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub tangent ntawm lub helical hniav hniav thiab lub axis ntawm lub milling cutter.Lub luag haujlwm yog ua kom cov hniav txiav maj mam txiav mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab txhim kho kev txiav kom ruaj khov.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rau cov cylindrical milling cutters, nws kuj muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua cov chips ntws tawm smoothly ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg.
(3) Lub ntsiab geometric lub kaum ntse ntse thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kawg zeb
Qhov kawg zeb muaj ib qho kev txiav ntug ntxiv, yog li ntxiv rau lub kaum sab xis thiab lub kaum sab xis, muaj:
① Nkag lub kaum sab xis Kr: Lub kaum sab xis suav nrog ntawm lub ntsiab txiav thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm.Qhov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau qhov ntev ntawm lub ntsiab txiav ntug kom koom nrog kev txiav, thiab hloov qhov dav thiab tuab ntawm cov nti.
② Lub kaum sab xis deflection Krˊ: Lub kaum sab xis suav nrog nruab nrab ntawm kev txiav ntug thiab cov tshuab ua haujlwm.Lub luag haujlwm yog los txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov nruab nrab txiav ntug thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm, thiab cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv trimming ntawm ob sab txiav ntug ntawm machined nto.
③ Hniav inclination λs: Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ntsiab txiav thiab lub hauv paus nto.Feem ntau ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm oblique hniav txiav.
5. Txoj kev cutter
Txoj kev milling cutter yog ib qho tshwj xeeb milling cutter siv los ua cov txheej txheem nto.Nws cov hniav profile yuav tsum tau tsim thiab xam raws li qhov profile ntawm lub workpiece yuav tsum tau ua.Nws tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem zoo li lub ntsej muag ntawm lub hom phiaj milling tshuab, kom ntseeg tau tias cov duab zoo ib yam, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab., Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv batch ntau lawm thiab loj ntau lawm.
(1) Kev tsim cov milling cutters tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: cov hniav taw qhia thiab cov hniav nyem
Lub milling thiab rov sib tsoo ntawm cov hniav ntse tsim milling cutter yuav tsum muaj tus tswv tshwj xeeb, uas yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tsim thiab ua kom ntse.Cov hniav rov qab ntawm rab chais hniav profile milling cutter yog tsim los ntawm shoveling thiab shovel sib tsoo ntawm ib tug shovel hniav tshuab dhos.Tsuas yog lub ntsej muag rake yog sharpened thaum rov sib tsoo.Vim lub ntsej muag rake yog tiaj tus, nws yooj yim dua rau sharpen.Tam sim no, txoj kev milling cutter mas siv duav Hniav rov qab qauv.Cov hniav rov qab ntawm cov hniav nyem yuav tsum ua tau raws li ob yam xwm txheej: ①Cov duab ntawm cov ntug txiav tseem tsis hloov tom qab regrinding;② Tau txais lub kaum sab xis nyem.
(2) Hniav rov qab nkhaus thiab sib npaug
Ib qho kawg seem perpendicular mus rau axis ntawm lub milling cutter yog ua los ntawm ib qho taw tes ntawm qhov txiav ntug ntawm lub milling cutter.Txoj kab kev sib tshuam ntawm nws thiab cov hniav rov qab yog hu ua tus hniav rov qab nkhaus ntawm lub milling cutter.
Cov hniav rov qab nkhaus yuav tsum tau ua raws li ob yam kev mob: ib qho yog tias lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub tshuab txiav tom qab txhua qhov rov ua dua yog qhov tsis hloov pauv;lwm qhov yog tias nws yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom.
Tib txoj kev nkhaus uas tuaj yeem ua tiav lub kaum sab xis tshem tawm yog lub logarithmic kauv, tab sis nws nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom.Lub Archimedes kauv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom lub kaum sab xis tshem tawm yog qhov tsis hloov pauv, thiab nws yooj yim los tsim thiab yooj yim kom paub.Yog li ntawd, Archimedes kauv yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm raws li qhov profile ntawm cov hniav rov qab nkhaus ntawm lub milling cutter.
Los ntawm kev paub txog geometry, vector vojvoog ρ tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov taw qhia ntawm Archimedes kauv nce lossis txo qis nrog qhov nce lossis txo ntawm lub kaum sab xis tig θ ntawm vector vojvoog.
Yog li ntawd, ntev npaum li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm thiab qhov nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm raws li lub vojvoog kev taw qhia, Archimedes kauv tuaj yeem tau txais.
Qhia nyob rau hauv polar coordinates: thaum θ = 00, ρ = R, (R yog lub vojvoog ntawm lub milling cutter), thaum θ> 00, ρ
Qhov sib npaug dav rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub tshuab txiav yog: ρ = R-CQ
Piv txwv tias cov hniav tsis thim rov qab, tom qab ntawd txhua zaus lub milling cutter tig lub kaum sab xis ntawm tus hniav ε = 2π / z, tus hniav nyiaj ntawm cov hniav yog K. Txhawm rau hloov mus rau qhov no, qhov siab ntawm lub cam yuav tsum yog K. Txhawm rau ua kom cov hniav txav mus tas li, qhov nkhaus ntawm lub cam yuav tsum yog Archimedes kauv, yog li nws yooj yim los tsim.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm lub cam tsuas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov muag shovel K tus nqi, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov hniav thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub cutter txoj kab uas hla.Ntev npaum li qhov kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom sib npaug, lub cam tuaj yeem siv tau thoob ntiaj teb.Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas vim li cas Archimedes spirals yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov hniav nraub qaum ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsim milling cutters.
Thaum lub vojvoog R ntawm lub milling cutter thiab txiav tus nqi K paub, C tuaj yeem tau txais:
Thaum θ=2π/z, ρ=RK
Ces RK = R-2πC /z ∴ C = Kz/2π
6. Phenomena uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab lub milling cutter yog passivated
(1) Kev txiav txim los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov chips, cov chips ua tuab thiab flaky.Raws li qhov kub ntawm cov chips nce, cov xim ntawm cov chips ua ntshav thiab haus luam yeeb.
(2) Lub roughness ntawm cov txheej txheem nto ntawm lub workpiece yog heev tsis zoo, thiab muaj ci me ntsis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece nrog gnawing cim los yog ripples.
(3) Cov txheej txheem milling ua rau muaj kev vibration loj heev thiab suab nrov txawv txav.
(4) Judging los ntawm cov duab ntawm riam ntug, muaj ci iab dawb me ntsis ntawm riam ntug.
(5) Thaum siv cov cemented carbide milling cutters rau zeb steel qhov chaw, ntau qhov hluav taws kub pos huab feem ntau yuav ya tawm.
(6) Milling steel qhov chaw nrog high-speed steel milling cutters, xws li roj lubrication thiab txias, yuav ua rau cov pa taws ntau.
Thaum lub milling cutter yog passivated, koj yuav tsum nres thiab xyuas qhov hnav ntawm lub milling cutter nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.Yog tias qhov hnav me ntsis, koj tuaj yeem ua kom cov ntug txiav nrog oilstone thiab tom qab ntawd siv nws;Yog tias qhov hnav hnyav, koj yuav tsum ua kom zoo kom tsis txhob hnav ntau dhau milling.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-23-2021